HEART SOUND AND CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA

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Heart Sounds Tutorial:
This online program focuses on the four common valvar lesions in the left heart: aortic regurgitation, aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation, and mitral stenosis. Actual patients illustrate the physical findings associated valvar disease. You can listen to the patient's heart at several listening locations, while at the same time you can see video of pulsations in the neck, precordium, or extremities. The findings are explained with text, as well as illustrated with phonocardiograms, hemodynamic data, and computer animations.


This interactive quiz will test your ability to identify correctly the first and second heart sounds, extra sounds, diastolic and
systolic murmurs in recordings of actual patients, using a computer animation of the carotid pulse for timing.


High- and low-frequency sounds illustrated:

This brief program demonstrates the difference between events that cause low frequency sounds (e.g., a third heart sound)
and events that cause high frequency sounds (e.g., an ejection click).

Physiological splitting of the second heart sound:

This animation of the thorax shows normal changes in S2 with inspiration.




This online program allows analysis of 12-lead ECGs with calipers, plumb line, and interactive ladder diagram.
Interpretations for the example ECGs can be found here., with a detailed explanation here (6MB PDF).
Frontal Axis Demo:

This program demonstrates changes in the frontal surface leads with shifts in the cardiac axis.
SVT Tutorial:


This online program uses computer animations to explain.arrhythmia mechanisms and their associated electrocardiographic findings for the following examples: AV node reentry, AV reentry, atrial tachycardia, atrial flutter, and atrial fibrillation.